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Showing all 11 results
Glass fiber is a type of composite material obtained from glass. Glass fibers are made up of very thin threads that are twisted together. Due to its mechanical properties, heat resistance, electrical insulation and thermal insulation, glass fiber is used in various industries such as automobile manufacturing, building construction, Aerospace industries, electronics and many other industries.
in the form of yarn
in the form of strings (Roving)
in the form of two-sided fabric
in the form of needle felt mat(CSM)
Glazed textile yarn is made by twisting a strand of fiber containing several hundred glass fibers of the same specific diameter (typically 5-13 microns). This is done on a special machine called twisting machine. At the end of this operation, the thread is wrapped on a plastic tube (skein). The twisted form the yarn is formed into, along with the lubrication applied to the fibers during stretching, helps protect the yarn from damage in further processing.
The most common ones are:
Production
The production of continuous glass fibers is a continuous process that takes place in the melting of aggregates (glass production furnaces). The oven case is closed and heated to a temperature where the glass stem melts and becomes homogeneous. A glass stem represents a mixture of individual materials in a specific ratio that determines the final properties of the glass – common materials include quartz sand, kaolinite, calendrite, fluorite, lime and other materials in small amounts.
The molten, homogenized glass then exits the vat and flows (sometimes overflowing) into the jet-tipped platinum furnace. Drops of molten glass are pulled out of the furnace and poured onto a coil that expands them into fibers of a certain diameter and at a constant speed. In this process, the so-called lubrication process is simultaneously applied to the fibers. This lubrication binds the fiber strands together and mainly confers important properties for further processing and final applications of the fibers (compatibility with different surface modifications, resins, etc.).
High quality filament glass fiber is compatible with unsaturated polyester resins, vinyl ester resins and epoxy resins. Direct rotation is produced in one step. Since it is coated with a special blackwash and combined into a tight strand, it can be used for weaving, skeining and spraying. It is lint-free and has excellent saturation properties.
Glass rovings are a commodity in many fiber-reinforced plastics. Its affordability, high strength and resistance to chemicals and other environmental effects have made it a universal material.
Glass fibers in the form of two-sided fabric
Two-sided glass fabric is a durable, lightweight glass fiber fabric with fibers in one direction and weight. This product can be easily used with epoxy resin and is connected to the components and elements of the structure. The light weight and ease of impregnation of the fibers create exceptional mechanical properties. This product is one of the best materials for use in improvement, seismic strengthening of columns, masonry and concrete walls, repairing structures, making FRP composites and also in industries such as making sports equipment, automobile manufacturing and many other cases.
Bidirectional fiberglass cloth fiber is made of high strength glass fiberglass yarn, it is divided into plain weave, twill weave or spot weave. It has good insulation, heat resistance, corrosion resistance and good tensile strength. This type is compatible with polyester, epoxy and vinyl resins and is widely used in mica tape, fiberglass tape, aircraft industry, ship industry, chemical industry, military industry and sporting goods, etc.
The following can be mentioned among its features:
Among its applications:
Improving seismic resistance in masonry or concrete shear walls, beam and column joints, and concrete columns
Increasing flexibility and compensating for the lack of bearing capacity of beams, slabs, columns and concrete walls caused by design problems, change of use and increased loading in buildings, bridges and parking lots
Retrofitting and repairing historical buildings, vaults, tunnels and highways
Increasing the axial load capacity of elements such as columns, chimneys, tanks and soil.
Fiberglass cloth is widely used in mica tape, fiberglass tape, aircraft industry, ship industry, chemical industry, military industry and sporting goods, etc.
E-Glass: Fibers of the type of electrical insulation, which is derived from the word Electrical.
C-Glass: fiber with good chemical resistance, which is derived from the word Chemical.
S-glass: fiber with high mechanical resistance, which is derived from the word Strength.
D-Glass: fibers with high dielectric constant which is derived from the word Dielectric.
ECR: fibers with high corrosion resistance, which is derived from the term Extra corrosion resistance.
And also type A, AR, R, S-2 fibers, each of which we briefly describe below.
For information on the price of glass fibers, purchase of glass fibers, and also more guidance regarding use, contact “ShimiAfsoon” consultants.
Type A glass fibers, alkali-lime or soda lime fibers, are broken glass fibers that are broken and ready to break. Alkaline lime is glass fiber. There are less than 0.8% of alkaline oxide compounds in their composition. Where soda-lime silicate glass is produced by adding content, it does not have the expected durability, structural stability, and electrical strength of e-type glass fibers.
Alkali-resistant glass fibers (ar: alkali-resistant) are specially designed for concrete construction. They contain alkaline zirconium silicates. They are also effective in preventing concrete from cracking. This increases the strength and flexibility of concrete; And it is also used for asbestos changes. They have high alkali strength and rigidity. It is very difficult for this type to dissolve in water. It is not affected by pH changes. They are easily added to the stainless steel and concrete mixture.
Magnesium and calcium compact fibers are added in them and they are ideal for applications with high acid strength and mechanical strength.
It is a type of glass fiber containing calcium borosilicate that provides structural balance in corrosive environments. The ph value of the chemicals that are in contact creates a high resistance to glass fibers, whether alkaline or acidic.
One type of glass fiber is d-type glass fiber, which contains an intense trioxide compound. Boron trioxide is used as a raw material for the synthesis of other boron compounds such as boron carbide in the production of liquids for glass and glaze and in the production of borosilicate glasses resistant to heat and thermal shock.
In addition, one of the most important applications of boron trioxide is its use as a glass fiber additive in the formation of fibers for use in making optical cables. Boron trioxide provides a low dielectric constant for this type of glass fiber. This makes glass fiber an ideal fiber for use in optical cables such as heat resistance and electrical conductivity in electromagnetic applications.
They are Aluminum boron silicate glass fibers containing alkali oxide components such as aluminum oxide, less than 1% or less than 0.8%; Therefore, they contain a very small amount of alkali. This formula is the most widely used formula for glass fibers in the world. Although they were developed for electronic applications, they are used in many fields today. In combination with thermosetting resins, it has led to the production of glass-reinforced plastics. Glass-reinforced plastic panels and sheets are widely used in almost all industrial areas of modern life. Thanks to its achievements in protecting the integrity of the structure against mechanical impacts and mechanical effects, it is used every day in more and more sectors. They do not melt in the heat, but they are soft.
It is also called electronic glass fiber. It has good waterproofing ratio, high mechanical strength, resistance to acid and alkali electric corrosion. They show better properties than E-type glass fibers. The biggest advantage of glass fiber is that it is more environmentally friendly.
Manufacturers add b2o3 (boron trioxide) and fluorine to glass stacks to simplify the production of e-type glass fibers. During this process, b2o3 and volatile particles containing fluorine are released into the atmosphere. This causes environmental contamination. ECR glass fibers do not contain boron and fluorine. In addition, ECR glass fibers have better mechanical properties, higher thermal resistance, waterproof resistance, lower electrical leakage rate and higher surface resistance than e-glass fibers. They are used in grp transparent panel applications.
r, s or t-glass fibers are trade names for fibers that have better tensile strength and modulus than e-type glass fibers. Higher acid strength and wetting properties are obtained with smaller filament diameter.
Developed for the aerospace and defense industries and used in some rigid ballistic armor applications. This means low production volumes and relatively high prices.
Type s-2 is the highest level of available fibers with the highest performance. They are produced with a higher silica level than standard glass fiber products. In short, denser silica is used in their production. Type s-2 glass fibers for textile and composite industries improve the ultimate physical properties such as strength and high compressive strength, high temperature resistance and impact resistance.
Considering availability of different types of fiberglass fibers and the price of fiberglass fibers in “ShimiAfsoon” products, definitely contact our team for consultation and advice.
The production process can be divided into five basic stages:
mixing
In the first stage of glass production, these materials are carefully weighed and mixed in precise amounts according to their application fields.
In modern manufacturing companies, mixing is done automatically using computerized weighing units and packaged material carrying devices.
For example, in a modern manufacturing facility, each material is transported via pneumatic conveyors to a specific multi-story storage box (silo) capable of holding materials from 1.98 to 7.36 cubic meters. Just below each chamber is an automatic weighing and feeding system that transfers the exact amount of each ingredient to a pneumatic mixer.
Melting
Another pneumatic conveyor sends the fiber from the batch collection to a high temperature natural gas furnace (ta1400ºc / 2552ºf) to melt the mixture.
These furnaces are generally divided into three parts by auxiliary channels for the glass flow. The first part receives the first batch of glass, where the melting takes place and the homogeneity of the air bubbles increases, including the removal of homogeneity.
The molten glass is then transferred to a refinery, where the temperature is reduced to 1,370 °C (2,500 °F). The final section of the furnace consists of four to seven shells that are used to extrude the molten glass into fibers.
fiberization
This step includes a combination of glass fiber formation or fibration, extrusion and attenuation. In extrusion, the molten glass passes through a bushing made of wear-resistant platinum/rhodium alloy with 200 to 8000 very fine holes in the front. bushing plates are electronically heated and their temperature is precisely controlled to maintain a constant glass viscosity.
Water jets cool the threads as they exit the bushing to about 1204°C (2200°F).
A high-velocity winder captures the melt streams and collects them by rotating at an ambient speed of 2 km/3 km/min. This is much faster than the molten glass coming out of the bushes.
coating
In the last step, a chemical coating is applied. Although the terms binder and size are often used interchangeably in the industry, size is the correct term for the coating applied and the sizing process is used to apply this process. Coatings are typically added at 0.5 to 2.0% by weight. Lubricants may include adhesives or coupling agents.
Lubricants help protect the threads from wear and tear.
Chemicals in some sizes are only polyester resin and some are only compatible with epoxy. The rest can be used with other resins.
Finally, the stretched strands are gathered into a bundle. These 51 to 1.624 strands form a glass thread wire.
This wire is wound on a forming drum which is similar to a spool.
After cooling with water and sizing, the still wet packages are dried in an oven.
It is then prepared for palletizing, shipping, or processing into chopped fiber, roving, or yarn.
* A wick is a set of threads that are not twisted.
